Light pollution affects wild animals

As urbanization rapidly increases, light pollution has become an environmental issue that demands more attention. The excessive use of artificial lighting at night not only impacts human life but also causes severe consequences for ecosystems, particularly wildlife.

Light pollution disrupts how wildlife searches for food, mates, migrates, communicates, orients, and hunts. (Photo: Keith/Flickr)

What is light pollution? Light pollution refers to the overuse of unnecessary artificial lighting at night or lighting used at excessive levels. This lighting can come from streetlights, billboards, high-rise buildings, or even indoor lighting. It alters the natural light patterns animals rely on for navigation, foraging, mating, and other natural behaviors.

Specific negative impacts of light pollution on wildlife include:

• Baby sea turtles losing their way: When sea turtles hatch, the natural moonlight usually guides them toward the ocean. However, artificial light from coastal areas disorients them, leading them in the wrong direction and reducing their survival rates.
• Migratory birds losing their course: Similarly, many bird species are attracted to artificial light at night, causing them to deviate from their migratory paths. This disorientation increases their risk of collision with tall buildings, leading to injury or death.
• Bats losing habitat and food options: Bats are forced to restrict their choices for feeding and roosting to avoid light exposure, reducing their chances of survival.

What can we do to reduce the effects of light pollution?

• Turn off outdoor lights when not necessary: Use motion-sensor lights for security instead of leaving lights on all night.
• Close curtains at night: This reduces light escaping into the environment and allows for lower indoor lighting when possible.
• Install outdoor lights thoughtfully: Only illuminate areas that truly require light and avoid excessive outdoor lighting.
• Avoid shining lights into the sky or above eye level: This helps minimize unnecessary light dispersion and reduces its impact on wildlife.
• Turn off indoor lights when not in use: This not only reduces light pollution but also conserves energy.
• Limit the use of white and blue light: White and blue lights have wavelengths that cause more pollution compared to red, green, or warmer tones. Opt for bulbs with yellow or warm-toned lighting.
• If living or working in high-rise buildings: Encourage building management to reduce unnecessary lighting during off-hours or install blinds to limit light emissions.
• Spread awareness: Share this information with friends and family so they can also take action for a better environment for wildlife.

Source: British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)